Name	E #	Usage	Facts you need to know
Allura Red AC	E129	Food coloring in snacks, sauces,preserves, soups, wine, cider, etc.	Avoid if you suffer from asthma, rhinitis (including hayfever), or urticaria (hives).
Amaranth	E123	Food coloring in wine, spirits, fish roe.	Banned in the U.S. Avoid if you suffer from asthma, rhinitis, urticaria or other allergies.
Aspartame	E951	Sweetener in snacks, sweets, alcohol, desserts, ~diet" foods	May affect people with PKU (phenylketonuria). Recent reports show possibility of headaches, blindness, and seizures with long-term high doses of aspartame.
Benzoic acid	E151	In drinks, sauces, snacks, wines, cheese, etc.	Avoid if you suffer from asthma, rhinitis, urticaria, or other allergies.
Butylated Hydroxy-anisole	E320	Preservative, particularly in fat-containing foods, confectionery, meats.	The International Agency for Research on Cancer says BHA is possibly carcinogenic to humans. BHA also interacts with nitrites to form chemicals known to cause changes in the DNA of cells.
Calcium benzoate	E213	Preservative in many foods, including drinks, low-sugar products, cereals, meat products.	Can temporarily inhibit function of digestive enzymes and may deplete levels of the amino acid glycine. Should be avoided by those with hay fever, hives, and asthma.
Calcium sulphite	E266	Preservative in a vast array of foods-from burgers to biscuits, from frozen mushrooms to horseradish. Used to make old produce look fresh.	In the U.S., sulphites are banned from many foods, including meat. They can cause bronchial problems, flushing, low blood pressure, tingling, and anaphylactic shock. The International Labour Organization says avoid them if you suffer from bronchial asthma, cardiovascular or respiratory problems and emphysema.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG)	E621	Flavor enhancer.	Has been known to cause pressure on the head, seizures, chest pains, headache, nausea, burning sensations, and tightness of face. Many baby food producers have stopped adding MSG to their products.
Ponceau 4R, ConchinealRed A	E124	Food coloring.	Can temporarily inhibit function of digestive enzymes and may deplete levels of the amino acid glycine. Should be avoided by those with hay fever, hives, and asthma.
Potassium benozoate	E212	Preservative in many foods, including drinks, low-sugar products, cereals, meat products.	Can temporarily inhibit function of digestive enzymes and may deplete levels of the amino acid glycine. Should be avoided by those with hay fever, hives, and asthma.
Potassium nitrate	E249	Preservative in cured meats and canned meat products.	It can lower the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood; it may combine with other substances to form nitrosamines, which are carcinogenic; and it may have an atrophying effect on the adrenal gland.
Propyl p-hydroxybenozoate, propylparaben and paraben	E216	Preservative in cereals, snacks, pate, meat products, confectionery.	Parabens have been identified as the cause of chronic dermatitis in numerous instances.
Saccharin & its Na, K and Ca salts	E954	Sweetener in diet, and no-sugar products.	The International Agency for Research on Cancer has concluded that saccharin is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
Sodium metabisulphite		Preservative used in wine-making and other processed foods.	Sulphites have been associated with triggering asthma attacks. Most asthmatics are sensitive to sulphites in food.
Sodium sulphite	E221	Preservative used in wine-making and other processed foods.	Sulphites have been associated with triggering asthma attacks. Most asthmatics are sensitive to sulphites in food.
Stannous chloride (tin)	E512	Antioxidant and color-retention agent in canned and bottled foods, fruit juices.	Acute poisoning has been reported from ingestion of fruit juices containing concentrations of tin greater than 250 mg per liter.
Sulphur dioxide	E220	Preservative.	Sulphur dioxide reacts with a wide range of substances found in food, including various essential vitamins, minerals, enzymes and essential fatty acids. Adverse reactions: bronchial problems particularly in those prone to asthma, hypotension (low blood pressure), flushing tingling sensations or anaphylactic shock. International Labour Organization says to avoid E220 if you suffer from conjunctivitis, bronchitis, emphysema, bronchial asthma, or cardiovascular disease.
Sunset Yellow FCF, Orange Yellow S	E110	Food coloring.	Some animal studies have indicated growth retardation and severe weight loss. People with asthma, rhinitis, or urticaria should avoid this product.
Tartrazine	E102	Yellow food coloring.	May cause allergic reactions and asthmatic attacks and has been implicated in bouts of hyperactivity disorder in children. Those who suffer from asthma, rhinitis and urticaria may find symptoms worsen after consumption.

Pesticides

With today's chemical farming, even the old adage that "an apple a day keeps the doctor away" must be questioned. For the caterpillar, one brief journey across the average apple is enough to kill it. But what about us? According to the World Health Organization, there were three million cases of severe pesticide poisoning and 20,000 deaths globally in 1996. A survey by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries found that 89% to 99% of all fresh fruit, cereals, and vegetables are sprayed with pesticides! That means that pesticides used in animal feed also contaminate most meat and milk.

Although few proper surveys have been carried out to find the extent of the problem, the Association for Public Analysts randomly tested 305 fruits: 31 of the samples contained pesticide residues above the safety levels, and another 72 samples showed lower pesticide residues. Some fruits-particularly strawberries, raspberries, grapes, and tomatoes had measurable levels of at least six different pesticides! More recent concerns deal with the level of chemicals in carrots and lettuce. In 1994, a survey of carrots found some to have levels 25 times higher than the safety limit. In 1995, 10% of lettuces tested had levels in excess of the safety limit.

What can you do to protect yourself?

Food Additives

Chemicals are purposely added to food to change its color, preserve it, prevent rancidity, keep fats emulsified, and foods stable. Most of the chemicals are synthetic compounds, some with known negative health effects. But more importantly, we don't really know what the long-term consequences of consuming such large amounts of additives are. It is therefore best to avoid all additives, with a few notable exceptions.

Since foods without preservatives are more likely to spoil, it's important to buy fresh produce and consume it relatively quickly. However, there are some additives you don't need to avoid:

Need not avoid these additives:
Colors	E101, E160	vitamin B2, carotene, vitamin A
Antioxidants	E300-304, E306-309	vitamin C, tocopherols like vitamin E
Emulsifiers	E322	lecithin
Stabilizers	E375, E440	niacin & pectin